Raspberry Pi Foundation does not support upgrading Raspberry Pi OS in place, so the supported answer is a clean flash. That trade is wrong when the Pi you are holding has a year of configured services on it. Here is the Bookworm to Trixie path end to end: the archive keyring that has to be
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If you run ls -lh and wonder why every directory shows 4.0K, you are looking at the directory entry itself, not what lives inside the tree. du reads what is underneath. Why ls cannot sort directories by size ls reads directory metadata, so ls -S sorts regular files correctly while directories stay at their inode
How to easily list all directories and sort them by size on Linux Read More »
A port is only open when a process is listening on it. Here you will list every listening socket, see which process holds it, and check if it is reachable from outside. What “open port” actually means on Linux An open port is a port number with a process in LISTEN state on an IP
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You run ls, see old_project, and you want it to be new_project without touching the files inside. Linux has no standalone rename step for directories, so you reuse the move operation with a new name, which means a single mv call does the rename in place. How renaming works on Linux Renaming a directory does
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Secure boot on a Windows PC blocks any bootloader without a trusted signature, and that stops plenty of Linux installers cold. To disable secure boot and install Linux, you first open the UEFI firmware settings from Windows, then flip the toggle inside it. This guide covers both ways into firmware, the actual toggle for popular
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A linux audiobook player needs to do things a regular music app never bothers with, like remembering chapter position across hundreds of minutes and sorting titles by reader instead of artist. VLC and MPV play the files fine, but neither treats an audiobook as a book. Cozy fills that gap on the Linux desktop, and
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sshoot is used, along with sshuttle, to manage multiple sshuttle VPN sessions through the command line interface. sshuttle allows us to create a VPN connection from your machine to any remote server that you can connect to via ssh, as long as that server has python 3.8 or higher. To work, we must have root
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Discord Canary is an alpha test version of Discord application. The Canary version provides latest features that are experimental. This application is likely to break, crash or contain bugs at this alpha stage and hence it is not recommended to use as a daily driver. This application lets people try out the newest version of
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You run rmdir on a folder you just created and it works, then you run the same command on a folder with a single file inside and get Directory not empty. That split is the whole design of directory removal in Linux, and once you see which tool guards against data loss and which one
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The while loop in shell script is the workhorse you reach for when you do not know how many iterations you need, so you must decide when to stop instead of how many times to run. I kept treating while test as boolean logic borrowed from Python, then hit silent failures around quoting, pipes, and
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