nc is three programs sharing one name, and the option table you find usually belongs to the wrong one. On Ubuntu and Debian the nc in your PATH is netcat-openbsd, which dropped the flags that netcat-traditional and Nmap’s ncat kept, so a line copied from a guide about either of those fails the moment you […]
Netcat Command in Linux: Commands That Work on Your System Read More »
apt remove, apt purge, and apt autoremove all uninstall a package, and each one stops at a different layer of it. Pick the wrong one and you either leave configuration files on disk or delete settings you meant to keep. I installed a small text-drawing filter called boxes and removed it three separate ways to
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For a test account called deploy, the id command answered with uid=1002(deploy) gid=1003(deploy) groups=1003(deploy),4(adm),1002(webops) on one line. That is the shortest way to find the user group of a user, and it exposes the disagreement between the four commands that look interchangeable, because each one reads a different source. I ran all of them against
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Listing all the groups on a Linux machine comes down to choosing between getent group and the /etc/group file. Both returned 71 groups on the Ubuntu 24.04 machine I ran them against, because the file is only one of the databases the system consults. Point that machine at a directory service and a group can
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apt list –installed answers the question of what is installed on an Ubuntu machine, and one line of its output is not a package at all. That line shares the output stream with the results, so it survives stderr redirection and ends up in your count, your saved file, and your script. The command that
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A DEB file in your Downloads folder should install as soon as you point APT at it. That assumption is where most attempts to install DEB files on Ubuntu stop. When APT receives an argument that contains no slash, it treats that argument as a repository package name and searches its configured repositories instead of
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I tested the group-based and file-based ways to add a user to sudoers on a current Debian-family system, including syntax validation with visudo and permission checks with sudo -l. Use the sudo group for a normal administrator, and use a sudoers.d rule when you need narrower or separately managed access. Choose the method that matches
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I ran touch empty.txt and stat reported empty.txt as 0 bytes, then checked writes, appends, standard input, and editor-based creation. Choose the method by the result you need: a blank file, controlled text, typed input, or an interactive editing session. Choose the method that matches the job Linux creates a file when a command opens
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I checked four version commands on Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS and matched each one to the job it serves. Use lsb_release for a quick report, /etc/os-release when a script needs stable fields, and hostnamectl when the kernel belongs in the same check. These commands need no administrator access. Start with the shortest answer, then choose a
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Nano and Vim solve the same terminal task with different editing models. Nano lets you type immediately and keeps its shortcuts visible. Vim separates typing from commands and rewards faster navigation once you learn its modes. The commands below match GNU nano 7.2 and Vim 9.1 on Ubuntu. What changes when you press a key?
Nano vs VIM editor – What’s the difference between nano and vim editors? Read More »