When you set up a web server on Ubuntu, a browser check can tell you whether Apache is responding. Apache is software that listens for web requests and serves content. I’ll show you how to install Apache with apt, Ubuntu’s tool for installing software, and check its default page in a browser. TL;DR Install Apache
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-y used to display differences in files side by side -s Report when two compared files are identical -r If a directory is specified, this option will compare any subdirectories found. -i Since Linux is case sensitive, this option will ignore all case sensitive differences. -B Ignore blank lines and don’t show them as differences
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Every command you type in a Linux terminal is read by a program called the shell, and Linux has more than one shell to choose from. The shell interprets what you type and starts programs, while the terminal window only displays the session. You’ll see how the Linux shells differ, from sh to zsh, and
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Debian and Ubuntu install a Python for you, but it can be older than the latest stable release on Python.org. Building Python from its source code lets you install a newer version beside it, without replacing the one your system tools use. Below, I’ll install the build tools and compile Python 3.14.8 into a folder
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Seeing what’s in a folder is one of the first things you’ll do in a Linux terminal. The ls command lists a folder’s contents, and its options can show hidden files or add details like size and modification time. Below are the ls options that change which entries appear and how they’re sorted. What is
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Powering off or rebooting a Linux computer from the terminal is the job of the shutdown command. It can act right away or at a time you set, and it can warn logged-in users before it starts. You can choose between power off and reboot with -P and -r, then schedule the action for later.
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A private-key passphrase prompt is for unlocking your local key, not for supplying the remote account password. I’m hooked by the contrast: SSH may use a key already available to your client without asking for a password. Consider what your computer asks the destination to do when you start a login. The ssh client and
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mv report.txt archive/ places report.txt inside the archive directory under its original name. I can’t resist the detail that a successful move removes the old source path rather than leaving a second copy. Follow the source operand to the destination operand to see where the file goes. Compare the paths to tell whether mv renames
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With mkdir -v -p project/src/assets, each created directory gets its own line. I love how that output makes each new level visible. Choose the directory path you want ready, either beneath your current directory or starting at the filesystem root. See what mkdir creates at that resolved location. What mkdir creates On a GNU Coreutils
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With echo ‘mississippi’ | tr -c ‘s’ ‘z’, the final z replaces the line break, so the prompt appears on the same line. I couldn’t resist digging into why tr treats that ending as part of the transformation. Follow tr’s character transformation from standard input to standard output. Choose the operation by deciding which characters
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