Every command you type in a Linux terminal is read by a program called the shell, and Linux has more than one shell to choose from. The shell interprets what you type and starts programs, while the terminal window only displays the session. You’ll see how the Linux shells differ, from sh to zsh, and
Types of Shell in Linux: Understanding Your Command Line Options Read More »
To move files between your computer and a remote server, Linux has an ftp command. It connects to a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server and gives you a prompt for browsing the server’s folders and transferring files. This guide covers moving files with get and put once you’re connected, and why plain FTP shouldn’t carry
How to use the FTP command in Linux? Read More »
On Red Hat Enterprise Linux and similar systems, you install and update software from repositories, the sources that hold packages. The yum command searches those repositories, installs what you pick and pulls in the other packages it depends on. This cheat sheet gives you the yum commands for everyday package work and shows how to
The yum command in Linux – A Cheat sheet Read More »
To see which programs on your Linux machine are using the network, or which ports are open for connections, you list its sockets. The ss and netstat commands do that, showing each socket with the addresses and ports it uses. Here I’ll show you how to list listening ports and find which process is behind
Understand netstat and ss commands on Linux Read More »
Debian and Ubuntu install a Python for you, but it can be older than the latest stable release on Python.org. Building Python from its source code lets you install a newer version beside it, without replacing the one your system tools use. Below, I’ll install the build tools and compile Python 3.14.8 into a folder
Installing Latest Python on Debian/Ubuntu using Source Read More »
A long task started in a Linux terminal can stop when you close that terminal, because the shell can send it a hangup signal. The nohup command starts a program with that signal ignored, so it keeps running. I’ll cover running a job with nohup and & so you get your prompt back, and where
How to Use the nohup Command in Linux Read More »
Seeing what’s in a folder is one of the first things you’ll do in a Linux terminal. The ls command lists a folder’s contents, and its options can show hidden files or add details like size and modification time. Below are the ls options that change which entries appear and how they’re sorted. What is
How to Use ls Command in Linux/Unix Read More »
On Fedora and other systems that install software as RPM packages, a program you no longer need is removed through the same package manager that installed it. Running yum remove takes the package out, and yum shows you every package it plans to remove before anything changes. The steps below cover finding a package’s exact
How to uninstall packages using YUM command on Linux? Read More »
Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux install and update software with a command-line tool called DNF. It fetches packages from configured repositories and works out which other packages each one needs. This reference shows you how to check which DNF version you have, then walks through package tasks from search to removal. What is DNF?
The dnf package manager in Linux – A complete reference Read More »
Ask who created Linux and you’ll usually hear one name, Linus Torvalds. He started the Linux kernel in 1991 as a personal project while studying in Helsinki, and a much wider set of developers later built complete systems around it. I’ll trace what came before Linux, from Unix to MINIX, and how the first distributions
History of Linux – How did Linux Start and Who Created Linux? Read More »