Ubuntu uses the same package management system as used by Debian Linux Distribution, as it is basically a Debian-based distribution.
In this article, we will discuss all about dpkg (Debian Package) and apt (Advanced packaging Tool). And we will also discuss how we can use them.
About the Ubuntu package manager
Debian Package or dpkg is the base of the package management system of Debian-based distribution.
Initially, dpkg was abbreviated for Debian package and is used to refer to deb package format and Debian Policy Manual combined.
dpkg is actually seen to be as a low-level tool for working with Debian packages. It can be used to install, remove and build .deb packages, but cannot be used to automatically download and install packages or their dependencies.
Advanced Packaging Tool or apt is a high-level tool for interacting and working with Debian packages. It layers additional features over dpkg and makes interacting with dpkg easier.
Ubuntu package manager – dpkg
Ubuntu package manager, dpkg comes with several functionalities for which you can also checkout its man pages.
1. Listing installed packages using dpkg
You can list all the installed packages in Ubuntu, by using the following command:
dpkg -l
After running the command, you will get an output similar to this –
2. Listing files installed by a package using dpkg
We can also list the installed packages by a package with their location using the command below –
dpkg -L <package-name>
You can use above command to list all the installed files by a package, in the way as shown below –
3. Installing a local .deb file using dpkg
We can also use dpkg to install .deb packages. We can simply do that by using its -i mode for installing offline .deb packages. The command is as follows:
sudo dpkg -i <deb-package>
4. Uninstalling a package using dpkg
For uninstalling a package using dpkg , we need to know the exact name of the package that needed to be removed. We use -r mode of dpkg to remove a package. You can use the below command to remove a package using dpkg:
sudo dpkg -r <deb-package>
Alternatively, there are many other ways also to uninstall packages from Ubuntu.
Using the Ubuntu Advanced Packaging Tool (apt)
Advanced Packaging Tool or apt is most widely used to install, remove, upgrade or search a package from the repositories. It wins over dpkg , with the fact that dpkg doesn’t allow searching or automatic download & install of packages from the online repositories.
1. Searching for a package using apt
With apt , we can search for an application in the online repository for its right installation candidate to ease the installation process. If a certain application is not available, it will not give any search result
sudo apt search <package-name>
Here, I searched from chrome , using the above command and it showed me list of various packages that relates to the word “chrome”.
After knowing a correct package name, we also check its details in detailed fashion, using the below command:
sudo apt show <package-name>
As you can see, I searched for google-chrome-stable package using above command and it gave me various information about it like version, priority, maintainer and many more things.
2. Installing a package using apt
You can install any package from the online repository using the following command:
sudo apt install <package-name>
You just need to make sure to type the right package name, else you will get an error E: Unable to locate package .
A thing to note, above command will also install the dependencies for the package you are installing.
3. Removing a package using apt
Removing a package using apt is quite simple. You can use the below command to remove any package:
sudo apt remove <package-name>
The above command just removes the package, leaving behind its configuration files and the dependencies that were installed with it. There are also many other ways to uninstall packages from Ubuntu.
4. Updating the package index
The apt package index is a database of packages that are available from the repositories defined in /etc/apt/sources.list file and the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.
To update local package index with latest updates to repositories, use the following command:
sudo apt update
5. Upgrading installed packages with apt
You can also upgrade all the installed packages and your system using the below command:
sudo apt upgrade
Make sure that, you have first updated your package index or you won’t get the latest upgrades. This is why, for convenience we use both the apt update command just before apt upgrade.
Bonus
- Debian Package (dpkg) is Open-source and you can find its code here.
- Advanced Packaging Tool (apt) is also open-source and you can find its code here.
Conclusion
In this article, we discussed about Ubuntu package manager dpkg which it inherited from Debian, being a Debian-based distribution. We also discussed how we can use dpkg, a low-level tool and apt, a high-level tool for installing, removing and listing applications.