Aprataksh Anand

An “Operation not permitted” response from `dmesg` is frustrating when you’re trying to read a kernel message. I find the distinction useful: the error concerns access to the buffer, not whether `dmesg` exists. You can use `dmesg` without options to display the available kernel buffer. You’ll see the recorded boot and device activity. What dmesg

A newly installed kernel image can show up in `dpkg-query` even though the system is still running its previous kernel. I wanted a clear way to tell the active release from a package waiting on disk. `uname -r` reports the kernel running now, so its output answers a different question from the package list. The

Vim keeps the :q you type on screen as text when the editor is in Insert mode. That is why the window looks frozen and nothing you press closes it. Press Escape once and the same two characters run as a command. Why the :q you type lands in the file as text Vim reads

The two questions arrive together when you restart a Linux machine from a terminal. Which command is the right one, and does the choice matter? The names you learned are one program on a systemd box, so what separates them is not the restart itself. It is what each one tells the machine, and the

A directory count changes with the definition behind it. Pipe ls into wc -l and a directory with nine visible files and two hidden ones reports thirteen, because plain ls does not print dot-prefixed entries. Every number quoted beside a command below comes from that tree. What You Need Before Piping Anything Every command here

You run rmdir on a folder you just created and it works, then you run the same command on a folder with a single file inside and get Directory not empty. That split is the whole design of directory removal in Linux, and once you see which tool guards against data loss and which one

Ask an Ubuntu machine to list its services and the answer depends on the command you run. Four commands sound identical and answer four different questions, which is why the lists disagree and none of them says what starts at boot. I ran all four on Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS and counted the output: 27 entries