When you’re setting up an Ubuntu machine to host a website, you need the server software that can serve pages and handle dynamic content. LAMP is a web stack that uses Apache to serve requests, PHP to process pages, and MySQL to store application data. I’ll show you how to install the Ubuntu repository packages
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Your Ubuntu machine’s clock needs to stay correct, and the time zone setting only changes how that time is displayed. Time synchronization corrects the clock itself by checking it against time servers on the network, through a time client such as chrony. You’ll find which time client your system runs and set it up. What
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You can edit photos or add text to an image on Linux with GIMP, a free and open-source image editor. GIMP saves your work in its own project file so you can keep editing later, and exports a regular image such as a PNG to share. I’ll walk you through installing GIMP from Flathub and
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Why give a machine’s name its own 127.0.1.1 entry, as the Debian Reference example does? I’m drawn to the separation: the hostname entry lets the machine name resolve without replacing localhost. Trace a system name lookup through the sources selected in /etc/nsswitch.conf. You’ll also see how /etc/hosts maps names locally without changing the hostname stored
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Watching memory rise in GNOME System Monitor while deciding whether to open another app can make the available amount hard to judge. I’m intrigued that cache can count as used without being out of reach for new work. Linux’s free counter captures pages unused at that moment, not every page it can hand to an
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The QEMU/KVM connection is missing from virt-manager, and the button for creating a local guest has nowhere to go. I was surprised that the window for managing VMs is separate from the software that runs them. Knowing what each part does gives that empty connection list a useful explanation. You can then see how virt-manager
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vsftpd opens two connections for every session, one for commands on port 21 and one for the bytes. That second connection is where a working login turns into a failed upload, and it is the one worth understanding before you edit anything. I ran the whole sequence on 3.0.5, which both current Ubuntu LTS releases
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It takes just a few commands to find the user group of a user in Linux. If you already know the basics about user groups, you can jump right to the headings that refer to the commands. Which Command Answers Which Question Four tools report group membership, and they disagree because they read different parts
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You run ls, scan a crowded directory, and still cannot tell which file changed most recently. The ls -ltr command solves that in four characters of flags: it prints full details for every entry and sorts them so the oldest file sits at the top and the newest sits at the bottom, right above your
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You can edit a Linux configuration file with any plain-text editor, but the safe workflow has four separate jobs: identify the file, save a backup, edit with the required permissions, and validate the new configuration before reloading the service. Treating the editor as the whole task is how a small typo becomes an outage. Find
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