All About Linux.

Rename a file so its name begins with a dot and the default directory listing stops showing it. Nothing else about the file changes. The dot is a naming convention that listing tools respect rather than a permission the kernel enforces, so one flag brings every hidden entry back into view. What makes a file

A directory count changes with the definition behind it. Pipe ls into wc -l and a directory with nine visible files and two hidden ones reports thirteen, because plain ls does not print dot-prefixed entries. Every number quoted beside a command below comes from that tree. What You Need Before Piping Anything Every command here

speedtest-cli is the terminal answer every Linux admin reaches for when a link feels slow. Speedtest.net has started rejecting the tool’s plain-HTTP calls with an HTTP 403, and the flag that fixes it is worth knowing before the next outage. Each command below shows a fresh install: a pip install into a venv for the

Raspberry Pi Foundation does not support upgrading Raspberry Pi OS in place, so the supported answer is a clean flash. That trade is wrong when the Pi you are holding has a year of configured services on it. Here is the Bookworm to Trixie path end to end: the archive keyring that has to be

A port is only open when a process is listening on it. Here you will list every listening socket, see which process holds it, and check if it is reachable from outside. What “open port” actually means on Linux An open port is a port number with a process in LISTEN state on an IP

Plug in a USB stick on Linux and nothing opens, which is normal on servers and minimal desktops. You need to attach its partition to a folder before you can read or write files. You mount a USB drive by hand in the terminal, so you control the mount point, the filesystem options, and the

Secure boot on a Windows PC blocks any bootloader without a trusted signature, and that stops plenty of Linux installers cold. To disable secure boot and install Linux, you first open the UEFI firmware settings from Windows, then flip the toggle inside it. This guide covers both ways into firmware, the actual toggle for popular